Haemorrhoids: When things just pile up!

Hayden Hamil
Sep 23
5 min read

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that can cause from mildly annoying to discombobulating symptoms. This condition affects almost 50% of adults by age 50, yet many people endure the discomfort in silence due to embarrassment or lack of information. Knowing the symptoms, causes, and effective treatments for haemorrhoids is essential to managing this common issue and enhancing your quality of life.

What Are Haemorrhoids?

Picture this.... An athlete flexing their muscles and you notice that there are visible blood vessels sitting atop those muscles. Those are veins. Veins tend to be closer to the surface of the skin. Now think about a very handy muscle called the anal sphincter, a circular muscle that everyone is happy that you have learned to control. But you have been exercising so much control over it, due to diet or pregnancy, or convenience or sometimes more sinister pressure has come to bear on it........and those veins stand up strong, bulging off the surface of the muscle. That ....that is a Haemorrhoid!

Haemorrhoids can be classified into two main types: internal and external. Internal haemorrhoids are located inside the rectum and are usually painless. However, they can still lead to bleeding when solid waste products pass them in an aggressive manner. External haemorrhoids develop under the skin around the anus and can be quite painful, especially when sitting or during bowel movements. Both types can cause discomfort and may lead to complications if left untreated.

Symptoms of Haemorrhoids

Recognizing the symptoms of haemorrhoids is the first step toward seeking treatment. Common symptoms include:

Bleeding: Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement is a frequent sign of haemorrhoids. In fact, approximately 10% of individuals with the condition experience noticeable bleeding.
Itching and Irritation: The area around the anus may become itchy or irritated due to inflammation.
Pain and Discomfort: External haemorrhoids can cause significant pain, particularly during bowel movements. They are in the way and sometimes can even change the course of events.
Swelling: A lump near the anus may indicate an external haemorrhoid.
Mucus Discharge: Some individuals may experience mucus discharge from the anus. Mucus is the body's salve to soothe irritated areas eg. nose, throat

If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and suitable treatment.

Causes of Haemorrhoids

Understanding the causes of haemorrhoids can aid in prevention and management. Common contributing factors include:

Straining During Bowel Movements: Chronic constipation or diarrhea can lead to straining, significantly increasing pressure on the veins in the rectal area.
Pregnancy: The upward pressure from the growth of the fetus causes increased pressure on the pelvic blood vessels, often resulting in the development of haemorrhoids. Studies suggest that up to 40% of pregnant women may experience this condition.
Obesity: Excess weight places additional pressure on the veins around the rectum, leading to haemorrhoids.
Sedentary Lifestyle: A lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of haemorrhoids.
Age: As people get older, the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum can weaken, making them more susceptible to haemorrhoids.

Effective Treatments for Haemorrhoids

There are several effective treatments available for haemorrhoids, ranging from home remedies to medical procedures. Here are some options to consider:

Home Remedies

Warm Baths: Soaking in a warm bath for 10-15 minutes can help relieve pain and reduce swelling. Many people find relief after just one or two baths per day.
Cold Compresses: Applying a cold compress to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and numb the pain.
Over-the-Counter Creams: There are numerous creams and ointments that can provide temporary relief from itching and discomfort.
Dietary Changes: Increasing fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help prevent constipation. Aim for at least 25-30 grams of fiber daily to promote bowel health. For those who don't eat fibre rich foods you can blend them and drink or purchase the commercially available preparations.
Hydration: Drinking ample water each day keeps stools soft and easier to pass, further reducing the risk of constipation.

Medical Treatments

If home remedies do not provide relief, it may be wise to seek medical treatment. Some effective medical options include:

Flavonoids: Oral medications derived from plants which help to improve the strength of the bulging veins, such that they reduce in size.

Rubber Band Ligation: This procedure places a small rubber band around the base of the haemorrhoid, cutting off its blood supply, which causes it to shrink. This method is successful in 80% of cases.
Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution injected into the haemorrhoid causes it to shrink. This method is minimally invasive and can be performed quickly in a doctor's office.
Infrared Coagulation: This technique uses infrared light to coagulate blood vessels, leading to the shrinkage of the haemorrhoid.
Surgery: In severe cases, surgical removal of haemorrhoids may be necessary, especially when other treatments are unsuccessful.

Preventing Haemorrhoids

Preventing haemorrhoids is often possible through lifestyle changes. Here are a few tips to help reduce your risk:

Maintain a Healthy Diet: A diet high in fiber can prevent constipation and lower your risk of developing haemorrhoids. Examples of high-fiber foods include whole fruits (not just their juice), vegetables, beans, lentils, bran, granola and oats.
Stay Active: Engage in regular physical activity, such as walking or jogging. Aim for 30 minutes a day.
Avoid Straining: Take your time during bowel movements and avoid straining, which can increase pressure on the rectal veins.
Practice Good Hygiene: Keeping the anal area clean prevents irritation and potential infection.
Limit Sitting Time: If your job requires prolonged sitting, take breaks to stand and move around to improve circulation.

When to Consult a Healthcare Professional

While haemorrhoids are often manageable at home, it is crucial to seek medical attention if you experience:

Severe pain or discomfort
Persistent bleeding
Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation
Symptoms that do not improve with home treatment

A healthcare professional can help rule out other conditions and ensure you receive the appropriate care.

Final Thoughts on Managing Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are a common condition that can significantly affect your quality of life. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and effective treatments available, you can take proactive steps to manage your situation. Whether through home remedies or medical interventions, relief is achievable. If you suspect you have haemorrhoids, remember that help is available. You are not alone, and effective treatments can help you regain comfort and confidence in your daily activities.